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In this paper, Hill's criterion with the updated parameters and an elastic work roll model are proposed. The influence of anisotropy and work-roll's elastic flattening on shear strain in the surface layer has been studied by means of finite element method. Low-carbon steel (Docol), provided by SSAB, was utilised and tested in upsetting, plane strain compression and laboratory one-pass rolling mill. The results reveal that anisotropy can have a significant effect on both the shear strain in the surface layer and location of the neutral point that will cause an error in estimation of friction coefficient. Regarding elastic work roll, the influence of elastic flattening on shear strain is relatively weaker than that of anisotropy. The results also show that shear strain can be reduced and its value can be an indicator to evaluate the degree of optimisation of rolling process.

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